Growing Up Geek: Steven Troughton-Smith

By Jon Turi posted Dec 23rd 2011 2:00PM Welcome to Growing Up Geek, an ongoing feature where we take a look back at our youth and tell stories of growing up to be the nerds that we are. Today, we have a special guest: programmer, app designer, artist and geek, Steven Troughton-Smith. I was born to be an artist. I was always the kind of kid that doodled when bored in class; I used to spend hours creating the most intricate symmetrical robots or plotting maps for world domination. Somewhere along the way I realized that the thing I really wanted to design was software, and I'd really have to learn to start programming to be able to make what I saw in my head exist.

As a child of four I was exposed for the first time to a computer -- a Macintosh IIsi. When I wasn't playing SimCity 2000 or Spelunx, I was dabbling in Photoshop 3.0. I was fascinated by the Mac and would spend hours learning all the intricacies of how it worked. I discovered an Amstrad 286 in our attic at some stage -- my mom's old work computer -- and set to work trying to figure out the arcane incantations to show something more interesting than a DOS prompt onscreen. (Eventually I found some Windows 2.03 floppy disks about the house and forcibly upgraded it -- it wasn't much better off for my efforts). Then, in 1998, I met RealBASIC.

RealBASIC blew my mind, because suddenly I could create software just as easily as plotting a town in SimCity; drag and drop buttons and views into a window, double click them and paste in a snippet of example code and boom! You have an app. Of course, it would take years before I'd built anything more interesting than a Notepad clone, but the seed was sown.

In early 2002 (late to the party, I know), I managed to get my hands on a Mac OS X v10.1 disc. I'd 'borrowed' an OS X Developer Preview 1 CD from my dad's work a couple years before and happily installed it on my PowerMac G4 (the first computer I had that belonged to me), only to erase it in disgust a couple hours later. The early Developer Previews of OS X I found horrid; I remember thinking 'this is too much like Windows' at the time. Now, a couple years later, OS X was on the shelves, and was like a completely different OS to what I'd tried some years back. I chose to go all-out on OS X from the get go, and RealBASIC had been updated to create apps that could run on both OS 9 and OS X from the same binary so it continued to take up all my hobby time.

Before this point, I hadn't really realized that there were more OSes than Mac OS and Windows out there. With the OS X release, I had been reading a lot about NEXTSTEP, and my curiosity led me to virtualizing all sorts of OSes in Virtual PC: BeOS (one of my favorites!), Solaris, Red Hat 5, QNX and every pre-release build of Windows I could find (these were the days of Longhorn, filled with grandiose visions and crazy new features appearing every other month). I learned to appreciate all the differing takes on what an OS should be, and I pulled them all apart with gusto trying to learn as much as I could.

Meanwhile, I stuck with RealBASIC until I was sixteen when I finally reached the limits of what I could do with it, and conveniently Apple had just released Xcode 1.0. I had been putting off learning how to make Cocoa apps, but this time I had no choice so I decided to delve head first into Xcode and not come out until I'd figured out how to recreate everything I was doing in RB. Before long, I'd crossed the point of no return; although everything was that tiny bit harder to do, everything I was making was a hundred times better than before. For the rest of my school days I made all sorts of Mac apps, even posting some online, but never going as far as selling anything.

Then, the iPhone happened. It was my final year of school, and I'd been rocking a Nokia 6630 for three years at this point. Little known fact: I was a complete Symbian fanboy up to 2007. I had started with the 7610 and had two N-Gages before the 6630; it was a real OS, with real apps, running on a phone. The mere idea of writing apps for it was thrilling, but unfortunately writing anything for Symbian at the time was a nightmare. I was the kid who sat in his dorm room compiling an open source Symbian toolchain for OS X for hours just to try and create 'Hello World'. After several failed attempts I'd given up trying, but then, halfway through my final year, Steve Jobs stood up on a MacWorld stage and announced Apple had built a phone, with a touchscreen, and it ran OS X. The concept blew me away -- OS X! On a phone! I was fascinated by it, and followed all iPhone-related news closely, hoping that someone would be able to hack it and create their own apps to run on it.

A couple days before the news broke, a hacker friend of mine sent me a screenshot showing a 'Hello World' app running on his own iPhone -- it was possible! I tore the OS apart, put together my own toolchain, and set to work on reverse engineering just enough to figure out how to build an app. It stunned me how similar this was to desktop OS X; even though everything was different, it was still built in the same way, still had all the same design patterns. I already knew how to write for it! It was going to be months before I had an iPhone or iPod touch of my own, but that didn't stop me; I emailed a copy of my app to a friend in the US who would see if it ran, screenshot it, then send me the results ('remote debugging'). I would go on to build several apps and hacks for the iPhone that year (including a popular one you may know called 'Stack'). The final puzzle piece came in 2008, when Apple announced the App Store; finally, I knew what I wanted to be -- I had a professional career in app making ahead of me.

That first year of developing for iOS before there was an SDK (or sample code, or documentation) left me with most of the skills I value today; learning to disassemble and reverse engineer code, designing for a limited screen, and focusing your design for a specific-purpose app instead of trying to do too much. In recent years I've expanded my knowledge (and apps) across a variety of other platforms (I'm on everything-fanboy: Mac, Android, WP7, webOS, MeeGo Harmattan, Symbian, BlackBerry PlayBook, and so on) but iOS will always be home to me. The iPhone is my blank canvas, and I've always thought of it that way. It's not a computer, it's not a phone, it's a software appliance; it's only bounded by your imagination. I couldn't imagine working in any other profession.

You can check out Steven's work at High Caffeine Content and follow him on Twitter (@stroughtonsmith)

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Nabaztag robotic rabbits rise from the ashes at midnight

By Andrew Munchbach posted Dec 23rd 2011 4:14PM Twas a sad day when Mindscape was forced to shutter the online service used by its collection of Nabaztag robotic rabbits -- as the tale goes, the domain's demise left the tiny, Linux-running hares inanimate, mute and nearly useless. But just five short months later, things are starting to look up. Via email, the company has confirmed that nabaztag.com will come (back) alive on midnight of December 24th (a timezone was not specified), allowing Nabaztag users to communicate with their coney comrades. "At midnight you can turn your rabbits on without changing anything," writes the bunny builder. That's not all. The company is promising to "enrich" the devic's modules with "community contributions." If you're a Nabaztag owner, step away from that eggnog and put on a pot of coffee... Christmas is coming a full 24-hours early.

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Stream TV launching glasses free Ultra-D 3DTV tech at CES, again

Stream TV Networks, Inc. Prepares to Launch Groundbreaking 3D Without Glasses Product Line at CES 2012

Proprietary Ultra-D technology surpasses all available 3D viewing experiences

PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 22, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Stream TV Networks, Inc. announced today that it will unveil its new Ultra-D technology at CES 2012. Ultra-D is a next generation 3D without glasses display technology that surpasses all 3D viewing experiences offered to date.

Developed by Stream TV Networks, Inc., the producer of the eLocity brand of mobile tablets launched first in 2010, the Ultra-D technology is strictly proprietary and leverages custom hardware, middleware techniques and software algorithms to create unprecedentedautostereoscopic 3D imagery. This technology will provide consumers with access tounlimited 3D content by enabling real-time conversion of:

2D content into 3D autostereoscopic (without glasses)
3D stereoscopic content (with glasses) to 3D autostereoscopic (without glasses)

The Ultra-D technology thus supports the immediate adoption of 3D consumer hardware despite limited availability of 3D content. Real-time conversion of 2D to 3D and 3D with glasses to 3D without glasses works seamlessly with various content formats including Blu-ray, DVD, PC gaming, Internet, cable and satellite content.

Another key differentiator of the Ultra-D technology enables customization of the 3D effect to address individual differences in spatial perception and the varying impact of 3D rendering on viewer comfort. The technology allows users to increase or decrease the real-time 3D rendering effect, adjusting for variance in content quality and source as well as personal preference so that consumers can use all Ultra-D products to achieve the optimal 3D picture every time.

"We are extremely proud of what we have been able to accomplish with our Ultra-D technology. It is capable of creating a significant shift in the way people view media, comparable to the transition from black and white to color TV," said Mathu Rajan, CEO of Stream TV Networks, Inc. "Our ultimate goal was to create a solution that addresses existing concerns impeding the adoption of 3D-consumer aversion to expensive glasses, viewer discomfort, variance in individual vision and preference and the slow creation of 3D content. It seemed we were aiming for the impossible but we've made it possible and will be sharing these hard-won achievements with consumers in 2012. Ultra-D is the next generation 3D technology designed to replace 3D with glasses and win preference over 2D devices."

The Ultra-D brand includes 3D-enabling products in the following categories:

TVs
Converter Boxes
Tablets
Desktop All-in-One PCs
Gaming
Laptops
Digital Signage
Mobile Phones
Digital Picture Frames

More information on the Ultra-D product line will become available for the first time to members of the press at the Ultra-D Launch Press Conference at 8:30 am on January 9, 2012 at CES 2012. Additional demos can be scheduled by appointment at Stream TV Networks, Inc.'s CES booth #14815 in the Central Hall of LVCC during the tradeshow.

Stream TV's mission is to bring to market innovative products featuring state-of-the-art technology designed to enhance consumer experience and simplify their digital lifestyle. Its line of consumer products stands to take the media viewing experience to new levels through high end displays and graphics technologies.

Please direct all sales and general inquiries to contact@streamtvnetworks.com. Press inquiries should be directed to esther@southardinc.com or janina@southardinc.com.

ABOUT STREAM TV NETWORKS, INC:
Stream TV Networks, Inc. is a Philadelphia-based new media company founded in 2009 to serve a consumer market seeking enhanced entertainment and communications experiences through superior quality devices with unlimited accessibility. Through its brands, Stream TV Networks, Inc. intends to reshape the current media landscape by releasing computer-enabled devices that create an environment where on-demand access to content is available anytime and anywhere, where interactive user feedback is standard, and where creative participation and community formation around media content is nurtured. The company's mission is to redefine "new media" so that it reaches its true dynamic potential and real-time interactive relationship with the media consumer.

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Screenshots of Windows 8 build 8172 emerge, looks a lot like Windows 8

Now that we've thrown 'em off the trail, use the form below to get in touch with the people at Engadget. Please fill in all of the required fields because they're required.

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Nokia N9 gets unofficial UI tweak, makes MeeGo lie down and play landscape

Nokia's MeeGo'd pillowcase smartphone has been given a 90-degree twist. This new landscape mode works across the three main navigation screens and can be accessed through N9Tweak, an unofficial mod that can be downloaded through the phone's web browser. Any compatible apps will also launch lengthways, all of which should help alleviate those N900 pangs.

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Nokia responds to questions over Symbian name swap

By Sharif Sakr posted Dec 23rd 2011 8:02AM Nokia seems to have finally realized that it can't just kill off a long-standing name like Symbian with a mere three-word mention (in parentheses) on its official blog. It's now posted up a marginally more detailed statement in response to "heaps of questions" from Nokia fans about the name change, and it reads as follows:

"We are still using Symbian Belle with some audiences like developers but now we also have the flexibility of using Nokia Belle when referring to our greatest and latest Symbian software update."

There, that should clear it up. Or maybe not. The idea of switching between different names for the same product might be considered bad branding, and the notion of developers being an "audience" is confusing too. But what more can you expect from a single sentence? In other news, the update also clarified that Nokia/Symbian Belle will be coming to the Nokia 500, along with the devices mentioned yesterday, and that it's delay until February 2012 was due to this being a "major software update" that will "make such a big difference in the user experience."

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Mega Man X blasts onto iOS, Reploids still struggling with free will

By Joseph Volpe posted Dec 23rd 2011 6:56AM It's a story as old as, well, 8-bit video gaming itself: man creates robots, 99 percent go rogue, the other 1 percent valiantly fights back and future world order is (temporarily) restored. Sound familiar? It should if you've logged any time with Mega Man X, Capcom's mega-popular series from console gaming's halcyon days. That SNES classic has just been ported over to iOS and is now available on the App Store for your thumb-smashing amusement. At $5 it's certainly cheaper than that other recent 16-bit retread, though nowhere near as awesomely epic.

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Engadget Primed: ports, connectors and the future of your TV's backside

By Mike Drummond posted Dec 23rd 2011 3:30PM Primed goes in-depth on the technobabble you hear on Engadget every day -- we dig deep into each topic's history and how it benefits our lives. You can follow the series here. Looking to suggest a piece of technology for us to break down? Drop us a line at primed *at* engadget *dawt* com.
For many among us, what goes on behind and along the sides of a high-definition television is almost as compelling as what's displayed on that big, beautiful flat screen. Of course, we're talking connectors, with their attendant chaos of cords. A high-def TV is only as good as its connection to a high-def signal. The same holds true for the array of disc players, game consoles and other peripherals we cluster around our sets. So it may seem quaint, then, that we still often confront more analog ports than digital ones on our high-end TVs. You'd think with advances in wireless technology, we'd have done away with the spider web of wires entirely. Alas, like flying cars and fembots, we're just not there yet.

In this installment of Primed, we'll examine the best and the bogus when it comes to TV connectors, and spend some time tracing the arc of how we got to where we are in this particular moment of television evolution. The narrative on television and home entertainment remains a work in progress. But we'll endeavor to get you caught up to date, and as an added bonus offer a glimpse of what the future of your TV's backside will likely look like.

In the early post-WWII era, home theater in all its initial black-and-white glory started with a screwdriver. In most cases, a Phillips screwdriver, which was needed to attach the flat 300 ohm twin-lead wire from outdoor antennas or classic indoor rabbit ear antennas to the two antenna reception screws on the back of televisions. (Note: Tin foil on the rabbit ears was always optional.)

The flat twin-lead wire housed two thin-gauge wires inside a single plastic ribbon. The wires ran from different parts of the antenna -- a left side and right side in the case of the aforementioned rabbit ears -- and ended with two u-shaped connectors that slid under the heads of the aforementioned screws on the backs of TVs.

The twin-lead 300 ohm wire was flexible and robust enough for the primitive job at hand. An ohm is a unit in the International System of Units or SI (abbreviated from the French Système international d'unités) to measure resistance. Represented by the Greek letter omega, an ohm is equal to one volt creating one ampere in a device, with an ampere or amp defined as a measure of current equal to a specific amount of force between a pair of infinite conductors in a vacuum. Ohm isn't an acronym. It's in honor of renowned early 19th century German physicist, Georg Ohm.

Early post-war TV signals were transmitted in the very high frequency or VHF band, offering TV channels 2 to 13 in the frequency range generally between 30MHz and 225MHz. In the early days of television broadcasting, a thin pair of wires connected to an indoor or outdoor aerial antenna was all you needed to accommodate the bandwidth -- even with the advent of color broadcasts -- of those few channels.

Turns out TV was a pretty popular technology, and a dozen channels weren't enough to satisfy demand. The powers that be at the time couldn't possibly have foreseen the emergence of Snooki, the Kardashians and other "must-see" TV fare -- and if they had, they might have had good reason to impose Draconian measures to keep a cork on the TV technology bottle. But it was a simpler, slightly more innocent era. For good or ill, they expanded the TV menu. In 1952 the Federal Communications Commission allocated 70 more channels above the VHF band, this time in the ultra high frequency or UHF band delivering channels 14 through 83. You needed a better antenna – preferably an outdoor rig – to capture UHF signals. UHF signals collide more with atmospheric and environmental forces, and as a result UHF channels suffer more from visual "snow" -- grainy picture -- and "ghosts," multiple images caused by a signal arriving from two or more directions simultaneously bounced off buildings, hills, trees and what have you.

In any case, twin lead-in antenna wires, with their thin insulation and construction, often had trouble with signal degradation, particularly when exposed to the elements. Sun, salt, moisture and Father Time tended to take their collective toll on this species of TV connection. We needed something better.

An Englishman named Oliver Heaviside invented coaxial cable in 1880. But he never lived to see it become the standard television connector of the latter mid-20th century. Coaxial, or "coax" for short, remains the primary television connection into your tuner, be it from your satellite antenna or from your cable provider. It's like the container ship for encoded TV signals, which are unloaded, decompressed and decoded at digital set-top boxes.

"Coax is basic," notes Geek Squad Agent Ismael Matos, "but it's still capable of quite a lot."

Coaxial (also known as radio frequency or RF) cable has two conductors -- a center core wire and a mesh or braid of copper or aluminum -- and a foil sheath separated by a dielectric (plastic) material all housed in a single outer plastic jacket. The wire attaches to televisions and other electronic devices with a single jack -- most often with an F screw connector, sometimes a Bayonet Neill-Concelman or BNC slip-on connector or even RCA plugs (more on those in a bit). Coax can ferry more video and audio bandwidth with less signal loss or leakage than twin-lead wires. How much loss depends on the quality and length of the coax.

Most coax cables geared for today's electronics are designated RG, followed by a number. RG stands for radio guide and was a unit indicator for bulk RF cable used by the military. Numbers were assigned sequentially to RG coax as materials improved to keep in step with increasing bandwidth demand. RG 59, for instance, was the standard for cable television installations beginning in the '70s. RG 59 still often comes standard issue with retail electronics. It's thinner, cheaper and more flexible than better breeds of coax and can bend around sharp corners and slip inside tighter spaces. It has a diameter of 0.242 inches, about as thick as a pencil. But what it makes up for in slithering ability, it loses in signal degradation compared to RG 6 coax, today's typical coax cable of choice. For every 100 feet, RG 59 loses 12 dB of signal when measured at 1,000MHz or 1GHz.

Your RG 6 cable has a diameter of 0.265 inches and carries signals longer distances without as much signal loss as RG 59. RG 6 loses about 6.1 dB per 100 feet at 1GHz -- essentially twice as the performance of RG 59. And RG 6 still is bendable enough for certain home theater connections.

But you should know that not all RG 6 coax cables are created equal. RG 6 is more or less a generic term for coax cables that typically have aluminum (rather than copper) foil sheaths and an 18 American wire gauge or AWG copper center conductor with a 75 ohm characteristic or surge impedance. (By the way, the lower the gauge number, the thicker the wire.) Some RG 6 coax cables have thin, flimsy aluminum conductor mesh and an 18 AWG copper-coated steel center conductor -- not all that awesome. Or, you could have an RG 6 coax with so-called quad shield mesh -- better, but not the best. Or you could have a precision serial digital video coax, something with a dense mesh and twin-foil shield, a solid copper 18 AWG center conductor and what the folks at Blue Jeans Cable note has a "nitrogen-injected PE foam dielectric, and extremely broad bandwidth and tight impedance tolerance." They're fond of the Belden 1694A 4.5GHz precision coax cable, by the way -- it's the preferred coax for broadcast studios and high-performance home theater applications, according to Belden, and "provides large head-room for future high-bandwidth cable TV, satellite and HDTV." You can buy it bulk in lengths of 500 and 1,000 feet, or pre-cut lengths of 6, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 feet.

And, no, we're not forgetting RG 11, another 75 ohm coax cable. It's just that at a whopping 0.405 inches in diameter, RG 11 is practically an unbendable rod, thus impractical for home theater use. It's good for when you have to connect, say, a satellite antenna that's more than 100 feet away on a run without a lot of bends. For the record, RG 11 loses 5.6 dB for every 100 feet when measured at 1 GHz -- not that great of an improvement over RG 6, really.

What's yellow, red and white and delivers ho-hum video quality and so-so audio? Why, analog video composite connectors and their analog audio lines, of course. You'll likely find as many of these yellow, red and white RCA jacks -- if not more -- than any other type of slot on some TVs, and they're one of the main culprits of cable cluster. RCA jacks are named after the Radio Corporation of America company, which introduced the technology in the 1940s to connect phonographs (record players) to amplifiers. That's why they're also known as phono plugs -- not to be confused with phone plugs that use TRS (tip, ring, sleeve) connectors. We'll leave aside for the purposes of this discussion TRS connectors, typically used for audio.

More often than not, yellow composite video lines are coupled with red and white lines for right and left audio jacks, respectively. The ubiquitous cables are noted for their single male pins and colored collars and the color-matching jacks. Because we mentioned audio, we should note that while high-definition TVs excel with visual, they often want for better sound. Home theater buffs may find it worth their while to invest in a digital audio system. But as in the case with TRS, we'll leave the digital audio topic for another day.

The max video resolution of composite video is 480i, which is 720 x 480 pixels at 59.94Hz. The "i" in 480i stands for interlaced, where TVs draw every other horizontal picture line and then loop back and draw the remaining lines -- 1, 3, 5, 7 ... then lines 2, 4, 6, 8, and so on. Most cable and satellite TV providers transmit high-definition digital signals at 720p, with the "p" defined as progressive scan, with each horizontal line drawn sequentially at about 60 Hz. Progressive scan is generally crisper than its interlaced counterpart. As of June 12, 2009, over-the-air analog TV transmissions ceased in the United States and broadcasters switched to digital. Composite connectors aren't really up to the task of today's bandwidth loads. Unlike better types of connectors, composite video doesn't separate colors and brightness into distinct channels.

Colors and brightness or luminance are shoved through one hose, so they tend to run together and lack that hi-def visual snap, crackle and pop of high-end digital transmissions. Composite video also is notorious for dot crawl, the checkerboard pattern that afflicts images when color and brightness are muddled due to imprecise multiplexing or blending of signals through a single medium.

You'd like to think TV manufacturers would have phased out composite video by now. But PlayStation 3, Wii, some disc players and other electronics still support this connector. Even devices that accommodate HDMI (we'll get to this soon) often come packaged with composite cables, sometimes making them tempting to use for the cost-conscious. So we expect this techno-holdover to linger. Sigh.

Of note, don't use coax to connect your TV to disc players, game consoles and other peripherals. Coax offers the lowest resolution among today's connectors. Coax connections should only be used to connect your audio / visual system from an outside source such as antenna, cable or satellite.

S-Video -- with the "s" standing for super or separate depending on whom you ask -- delivers better image quality than composite video, but it still belongs in the technological rear-view mirror. Sure, this analog rig encodes video into separate color and luminance channels, making for a cleaner picture capable of 480i resolution. It had its heyday in the '90s, when game consoles, DVD players and certain home theater devices used this optional connection because of its better video quality than composite video. There's a good chance the next high-def TV you buy won't even have this connection option. Beyond its subpar video throughput compared to newer technologies, it only handles video. You still have to run audio connectors, which contributes to cable clutter.

S-Video cables are multiwire analog connectors. They encode and synchronize video information in Y or luminance and C or color transmissions. They typically come with four pins for the Y and the C signals, each with their own ground. Packing S-Video color information in one signal requires encoding that data, and not all S-Video compatible devices encode S-Video video in the same way. Another S-Video bummer: it offers 120 horizontal lines of resolution; a commercial DVD has up to 540 horizontal lines of resolution. You do the math.

Video Graphics Array or VGA connectors are great for turning your high-def, flat-screen TV into a giant, over-priced computer monitor. VGA cables, easily identified by their three-row, 15-pin connector, carry analog component red, green, blue and horizontal and vertical video signals. These cables typically connect a computer's video card to a monitor. For those using VGA on TVs, you'll have to get your audio elsewhere -- again adding to cable clutter.

We saw these connectors on brand new sets on sale this holiday season, including the Sony Bravia 54.6-inch LED EX720 Internet and 3D capable television. You'll also see this type of connection labeled "RGB" on some TVs. You can get high-definition analog video up to 2,048 × 1,536 pixels @ 85Hz (388 MHz) transmitted at 1080p through VGA cables on your TV screen. For this reason, VGA hookups can be a better alternative than high-definition component video connectors (addressed below) because of anti-piracy technology Hollywood studios are able to embed in Blu-ray Discs. By using High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) technology, studios can insert Image Constraint Token flags into Blu-ray Discs, though these require a logo on the packaging and to date have yet to be used in the mass market. Hollywood studios maintain that analog video is easier to pirate than digital video. When a Blu-ray Disc player detects an analog component video connection that doesn't support high-bandwidth protection technology, it can downgrade a video's 1080p all the way down to 540p -- still higher than 480p, which is DVD-quality video. The thinking goes that the lower the video quality, the less incentive to pirate. The truly motivated and ambitious usually always find ways to crack digital rights management and anti-piracy codes, and, indeed, the high-bandwidth protection technology already has. VGA cables present a hardware work-around to Hollywood.

Yet other than TVs, desktop and laptop computers, you may have to search high and low to find other types of electronic devices with VGA jacks. You can fight "the man" with VGA / component video converter cables -- attach the VGA (or RGB) end into your TV and plug the component video ends into your Blu-ray Disc player (or whatever else).

This is common knowledge in A/V circles, but of the three main consumer analog video connection formats, component video is better than composite and S-Video. Component video separates and synchronizes the colors and brightness levels, resulting in far less signal loss and delivering better image quality than composite and S-Video. High-end component video cables are designed for extreme bandwidth, in some cases 100 times the bandwidth required for 1080i high-definition component video. While component video is capable of a max resolution of 1080p, many devices as indicated above will top out at 1080i when using component video connectors. Again, interlaced, with its alternating, non-sequential horizontal line display may appear a little choppy compared to images displayed at 1080p. If you can tell the difference, we'll take you at your word.

Component video connectors are green, blue and red; the cables often are bundled with red and white audio lines; and they use RCA male ends and female slots. We know there are other types of component video, but the green / blue / red type with the RCA connectors are what most of us think of when we hear "component video." In the patois of TV, component video cables sometimes are called yippers after the YPBPR color space in video electronics. It's the analog version of YCBCR. for digital video. Some TVs list both designations under each colored jack. YPBPR is converted from the red, green and blue or RGB color model -- the primary colors in video display -- used to create the vast catalog of other visible colors. The Y is the green connector, which carries brightness or luminance (luma, for short) and color synchronization data. The math looks like this: Y = 0.2126 R (red) + 0.7152 G (green) + 0.0722 B (blue). PB/CB is the blue connector that ferries the difference between blue and luma or B – Y. And PRCR hauls the difference between red and luma or R – Y. There's no need to send green because the blue, red and the brightness can create that hue.

You're still talking three analog cables and connection ports, when you could be using just one digital cable for video and audio.

At the outset of the 21st century, the industry consortium known as the Digital Display Working Group rolled out digital video interface, or DVI, as the heir apparent to VGA and the preferred means to transmit high-definition analog and uncompressed digital video among devices. It didn't take long (May 3, 2006) before another industry body, the Video Electronics Standards Association, unleashed DisplayPort, designed to replace DVI and capable of transiting both audio and digital video. We'll skip the tech specs on both DVI and DisplayPort because in the HDTV market, they're mostly irrelevant. Another connection technology, high-definition multimedia interface (or HDMI) launched in 2002 and has become the de-facto standard connection for high-definition digital video and audio. Single HDMI cables and ports are now used with set-top boxes, Blu-ray and DVD players, laptops, desktops, tablet computers, computer monitors, game consoles, camcorders, cellphones and, of course, digital televisions. With an adapter, the 19-pin HDMI connection is backward compatible with DVI with no signal conversion and, thus, no loss in video quality.

HDMI cables and ports are now used with set-top boxes, Blu-ray and DVD players, laptops, desktops, tablet computers, computer monitors, game consoles, camcorders, cell phones and, of course, digital televisions. With an adapter, the 19-pin HDMI connection is backward compatible with DVI with no signal conversion and, thus, no loss in video quality.
There are five HDMI connector types. Type A/B are defined in the HDMI 1.0 specification; Type C is the HDMI 1.3 specification; Type D/E are HDMI 1.4 specification. All the HDMI connectors (including mini HDMI connectors for portable devices) used in today's HDTVs have 19 pins; Type B has 29 pins and can carry double the video bandwidth of type A HDMI connectors. Type B connectors may find use in super-high resolution displays such as those with 3,840 x 2,400 pixels, but it hasn't been plumbed into commercial electronics... yet.

All told, there have been some half-dozen iterations of HDMI, with the latest being HDMI 1.4b released in October 2011. This one packs a lot of punch. Let's run through some of the specs. HDMI 1.4b allows a maximum resolution to 4K × 2K, such as 3,840 × 2,160p (Quad HD) at 24Hz / 25Hz / 30Hz or the digital theater resolution of 4,096 × 2,160p at 24Hz. So that 4K x 2K broadcast from the London Olympics you may have heard about? HDMI 1.4b will be up to the task. It has a maximum clock rate of 340MHz with a maximum transition-minimized differential signaling throughput per channel of 3.4 gigabits per second with 8b / 10b overhead, with a total maximum throughput of 10.2Gbps. Max audio throughput is 36.86 megabits per second, complemented with a maximum color depth of 48 bits per pixel. It also supports audio return channel and a variety of 3D display formats -- 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24 -- as well as Ethernet Channel capable of a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet connection between devices hooked to the Internet.

All iterations of HDMI 1.4 accommodate sRGB, YCbCr, eight channel linear pulse-code modulation 192 kHz, 24-bit audio, Blu-ray disc and high-definition DVD video and audio at full resolution and Consumer Electronic Control. Latter versions of HDMI support Super Audio CD, Deep Color, xvYCC, auto lip-sync, Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio.

And all of this in a single cable.

"HDMI is the key connector," says Ismael Matos, the Geek Squad Agent. "It simplifies everything. You can have three components, Blu-ray, a game console and a set-top box, and it's only going to take three cables. If you go the component (video) route, you can go from three cables to 15 very quickly. And because component video connections are analog, you can still get a digital signal with crosstalk interference."

HDMI Founders developed and successfully evangelized this format. Its members are Hitachi, Matsushita, Philips, Silicon Image, Sony, Thomson and Toshiba. The HDMI Licensing LLC group oversees the HDMI standard -- any HDMI cable from any manufacturer can work on any HDMI-supported device without signal-loss issues. HDMI, and it's HDCP protection, has the full blessing of Hollywood -- Disney, Fox, Universal and Warner Bros. support it -- as well as system operators CableLabs, DirecTV and Dish.

In short, HDMI hits all the right notes: industry support, ease of manufacture and installation, and consumer acceptance. The only downside to HDMI may be the fragility of the 19 male-end pins – bend one of those and you'll have to buy a new cable -- and the sometimes hassle of aligning the male and female ends, particularly with wall-mounted TVs with jacks on the back. Furthermore, HDMI has been lambasted for "falling out" and has been prone to retailers overcharging for cables, but the latter can certainly be avoided by shopping at places like Monoprice.

Despite our love affair with HDMI, we still long for something even better, something more in keeping with our always connected, location-obsessed culture. We'd love for all our electronic devices to be networked via wireless. No cables at all. Many new TVs support the IEEE 802.11a/b/g and n communication protocols, with IEEE 802.11n often the preferred format -- video over IEEE 802.11b/g connections may not play as smoothly. What about security? There's WEP, WPAPSK and WPA2PSK authentication modes, with WEP, TKIP and AE encryption types. We do this for public WiFi, certainly we can do it for home theaters. And bandwidth? Ah, bandwidth. Modern hardwire connectors can transmit up to 10.2Gbps. Cable modem speeds vary widely, but conventional home connections are currently capable of hitting speeds of around 105Mbps. The WiFi connection speed from a cable modem in one of our homes exceeded 10Mbps. Like the goldfish that grows to the size of its bowl, bandwidth has a way of growing to the size of its medium. The wireless bandwidth gap can be closed. And it will, eventually.

Despite the proliferation of jacks and ports behind and on the sides of new TVs, it doesn't take a genius to figure which cables go with which connectors. Some TVs even color outline and label "Best," "Better" and "Good" jacks and ports, with HDMI always earning the "Best" designation. From a single input -- the UF antenna -- to a population explosion of TV connector formats, we may be headed back to simpler times. HDMI handles digital, hi-def duties for video and audio.

The double duty HDMI performs in a single, precision-performing, thin and pliable cable reduces the number of jacks and ports needed on TVs. Why did they have to make HDMI ports so awkward? Hard to say. The male and female ends never seem to want to align initially and it usually takes some fiddling to get everything snug. But once HDMI's snapped into place, you have entrée to the best digital video and audio current HDTVs have to offer.

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Are Android owners cheapskates?

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RIM gets kicked while down, sued over BBM trademark (update: RIM comments)

By Brad Molen posted Dec 23rd 2011 12:19PM It's been a long December for RIM, and there's reason to believe this year won't be any better than the last. This month, the company was sued for its use of the BBX trademark and was forced to change its name to BlackBerry 10; then, it all hit the fan when co-CEO Mike Lazaridis broke the news that phones running the aforementioned OS won't arrive until late in 2012. And let's not even get started on the quarterly earnings report. Sadly, it's not over: BBM Canada, a Toronto-based broadcast industry group that has used the BBM moniker in one way or another for six decades, wants to reclaim its name -- used and made popular by RIM's BlackBerry Messenger service -- and has filed a lawsuit against the phone maker for trademark infringement. BBM Canada CEO Jim MacLeod says he's made several attempts to resolve the matter with them in hopes of avoiding the courtroom -- even to the extent of offering to rebrand his own company as long as RIM footed the bill -- to no success.

MacLeod told The Globe and Mail that "I find it kind of amazing that this wouldn't have been thought about before they decided to use the name -- the same thing goes for BBX." And according to court documents, it actually was: in February 2010, RIM attempted to apply for the BBM trademark with the Canadian Intellectual Property Office, was told that it wasn't registerable, and still went ahead and used it for its BlackBerry Messenger service anyway. We'll see what kind of explanation the company has for going ahead and using the three-letter acronym in a couple weeks, since a hearing has been scheduled for January 11th.

Update: RIM just sent us an email with an official statement regarding the matter:

Since its launch in July 2005, BlackBerry Messenger has become a tremendously popular social networking service. In 2010, RIM started to formally adopt the BBM acronym, which had, at that point, already been organically coined and widely used by BlackBerry Messenger customers as a natural abbreviation of the BlackBerry Messenger name. The services associated with RIM's BBM offering clearly do not overlap with BBM Canada's services and the two marks are therefore eligible to co-exist under Canadian trademark law. The two companies are in different industries and have never been competitors in any area. We believe that BBM Canada is attempting to obtain trademark protection for the BBM acronym that is well beyond the narrow range of the services it provides and well beyond the scope of rights afforded by Canadian trademark law. RIM has therefore asked the Court to dismiss the application and award costs to RIM. Further, for clarity, RIM's application to register BBM as a trademark with the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) is pending and we are confident that a registration will eventually issue. The inference by BBM Canada that CIPO has refused RIM's BBM trademark application is quite frankly very misleading.

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iTunes Match streams music to Canadians, re-downloads TV episodes

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Kindle Fire root reignited, beats 6.2.1 update

By Mat Smith posted Dec 23rd 2011 8:23PM

Amazon's latest attempt to lock down root access on its Kindle Fire has been, well, routed. It took the tinkerers mere days to catch up and the new root file is now up for grabs, courtesy of Android Police and a few good devs. The method is app-based and looks to be disarmingly simple, but the usual warnings apply; mess up those software internals and bam, you've voided your warranty. Those still willing to dabble can find the full details at the source link below.

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VT nears completion of HokieSpeed, world's 96th most powerful supercomputer

Virginia Tech's Wu Feng unveils HokieSpeed, a new powerful supercomputer for the masses

Virginia Tech crashed the supercomputing arena in 2003 with System X, a machine that placed the university among the world's top computational research facilities. Now comes HokieSpeed, a new supercomputer that is up to 22 times faster and yet a quarter of the size of X, boasting a single-precision peak of 455 teraflops, or 455 trillion operations per second, and a double-precision peak of 240 teraflops, or 240 trillion operations per second.

That's enough computational capability to place HokieSpeed at No. 96 on the most recent Top500 List (http://www.top500.org/), the industry-standard ranking of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers. More intriguing is HokieSpeed's energy efficiency, which ranks it at No. 11 in the world on the November 2011 Green500 List (http://www.green500.org/), a compilation of supercomputers that excel at using less energy to do more. On the Green500 List, HokieSpeed is the highest-ranked commodity supercomputer in the United States.

Located at Virginia Tech's Corporate Research Center (http://www.vtcrc.com/), HokieSpeed – the word "Hokie" originating from an old Virginia Tech sports cheer – contains 209 nodes, or separate computers, connected to one another in and across large metal racks, each roughly 6.5 feet tall, to create a single supercomputer that occupies half a row of racks in a vast university computer machine room. X took three times the rack space.

Each HokieSpeed node contains two 2.40-gigahertz Intel Xeon E5645 6-core central processing units, commonly called CPUs, and two NVIDIA M2050/C2050 448-core graphics processor units, or GPUs, which reside on a Supermicro 2026GT0TRF motherboard. That gives HokieSpeed more than 2,500 central processing unit cores and more than 185,000 graphics processor unit cores to compute with.

"HokieSpeed is a versatile heterogeneous supercomputing instrument, where each compute node consists of energy-efficient central-processing units and high-end graphics-processing units," said Wu Feng (http://people.cs.vt.edu/~feng/), associate professor with the Virginia Tech College of Engineering's computer science and electrical and computer engineering departments. "This instrument will empower faculty members, students, and staff across disciplines to tackle problems previously viewed as intractable or that required heroic e?orts and signi?cant domain-speci?c expertise to solve."

Still in the final stages of acceptance testing, Feng envisions HokieSpeed as Virginia Tech's next war horse in research. As researchers from around the world have used System X to crack riddles of the blood system and further DNA research, Feng said HokieSpeed will be a next-generation research tool for engineers, scientists, and others.

HokieSpeed was built for $1.4 million, a small fraction -- one-tenth of a percent of the cost -- of the Top500's current No. 1 supercomputer, the K Computer from Japan. The majority of funding for HokieSpeed came from a $2 million National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation grant. With federal and state budget crunches here to stay, Feng said HokieSpeed carries another plus: It can attract more international research projects to Virginia Tech, adding more to the College of Engineering's income.

Among the vendors working with Feng on HokieSpeed are Seneca Data Inc. and Super Micro Computer Inc., who were the driving force behind the project, as well as NVIDIA Corp., for their technical support. Feng has worked with NVIDIA before, with the Silicon Valley-based technology firm naming Virginia Tech as a research center and the NVIDIA Foundation's first worldwide research award for computing the cure for cancer being awarded to Feng.

In addition to HokieSpeed's compute nodes, a visualization wall – eight 46-inch, 3-D Samsung high-definition flat-screen televisions – will provide a 14-foot wide by 4-foot tall display for end-users to be immersed in their data. Still under construction, the visualization wall will be hooked-up to special visualization nodes built into HokieSpeed and allow researchers to perform in-situ visualization.

This way, researchers can see in real-time if their computational experiment is turning out as expected, or if corrections or on-the-fly adjustments must be made, said Feng. Previously, weeks could pass by before all the data from a computational experiment was generated and then rendered as a video for viewing and analysis.

"What we want to do with HokieSpeed is to enable scientists to routinely do 'what-if' scenarios that they would not have been able to do or think of doing in the past," Feng said. "It will facilitate the discovery process or accelerate the time to discovery. "

For now, high-tech universities, government research labs, and major corporations use supercomputers on a regular basis, major organizations from the MIT to the Pentagon to Hollywood movie companies. As supercomputers such as HokieSpeed grow in brain size and diversity, and yet shrink in space, they will become more readily available to the public at large, said Feng. That is his ultimate goal.

"Look at what Apple has done with the smartphone and iPad. They have taken general-purpose computing and commoditized it and made it easy to use for the masses," said Feng. "The next frontier is to take high-performance computing, in particular supercomputers such as HokieSpeed, and personalize it for the masses."

Such access to supercomputers could help small businesses that do not have multi-billion budgets for cyberinfrastructure, to better design their products or the process in which their products are produced on the assembly line in the factory. Scientists at smaller universities could use supercomputers for their own research efforts.

"The possibilities are endless as we invent the future at Virginia Tech," said Feng.

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Sony creates electricity from cardboard

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Engadget Podcast 269 - 12.23.2011

Engadget Podcast 269 - 12.23.2011 -- Engadget #mobileweb{background-image: -webkit-gradient( linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(0.51, #3991D0), color-stop(0.5, #57ACE8), color-stop(1, #80CAFF));background-image: -moz-linear-gradient( center bottom, #3991D0 51%, #57ACE8 50%, #80CAFF 100%);position: relative;width:980px;overflow:hidden;margin: 0 auto;text-align:center;border-color:#666666;border-width:1px;border-bottom:0px;height:128px;border-style:solid;display:none; visiblity:hidden;}.btn{background-image:linear-gradient(-90deg, rgb(129, 203, 255) 0%, rgb(87, 172, 233) 48%, rgb(57, 146, 209) 52%, rgb(57, 146, 209) 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,color-stop(0%, rgb(129, 203, 255)), color-stop(100%, rgb(57, 146, 209)), color-stop(48%, rgb(87, 172, 233)), color-stop(52%, rgb(57, 146, 209)));background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(-90deg, rgb(129, 203, 255) 0%, rgb(87, 172, 233) 48%, rgb(57, 146, 209) 52%, rgb(57, 146, 209) 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#9981cbff', EndColorStr='#993992d1');-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#9981cbff', EndColorStr='#993992d1')";background-color:rgb(10, 6, 249);width:492px;height:92px;border:2px solid rgb(129, 203, 255);border-radius:15px;-moz-border-radius:15px;-webkit-border-radius:15px;padding:10px 20px;box-shadow:0px 2px 1px rgb(255, 255, 255);-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 1px rgb(255, 255, 255);-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 1px rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size:40px;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(255, 255, 255);text-shadow:0px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);text-decoration:none;} Back to Mobile View Engadget for iPad - get the app now! @import url("http://www.blogsmithmedia.com/www.engadget.com/media/aol-standard-hat.css");#GH_ { float: none; width: 100%; margin: 0 0 -3px; }#GH_hat { float: none !important; border: 0 !important; margin: 0 auto !important; background-color: transparent !important; }#GH_ #GH_hat_links #GH_hat_A_first{ margin-left:-5px; _margin-left:0; }#GH_ #GH_hat_more,#GH_ .GH_hat_more{ margin-left: 590px; }#GH_ #GH_hat_links #GH_hat_A_second { border: 0; }#GH_ #GH_hat_links{ width:100%; }#GH_ #GH_more_list{ margin-left: -300px; }@-moz-document url-prefix(){#GH_ #GH_hat_links { margin-bottom: -5px; }#GH_ #GH_hat_more,#GH_ .GH_hat_more{ margin-left: 585px; }}AOLMAIL Engadget Classic Mobile HD ALT ENGADGET U.S. ESPAGÑOL ???? ???? ??? DEUTCHLAND Galaxy Nexus and ICSGalaxy TabsBirth of a Smart PhoneEngadget DistroNokia ReviewsiPhone 4SNewsHubsGalleriesVideosPodcastsThe RecapAuthors StoreFOLLOW US ON TWITTERSUBSCRIBEABOUT / FAQTIP US .at15t_email{background-position:0px -4120px} Podcasts, Engadget Podcast 269 - 12.23.2011By Trent Wolbe posted Dec 23rd 2011 11:41AM Podcast It may be Christmas Eve Eve and the fourth day of Hannukah, but so far, this has felt like just another week in the consumer electronics biz. Another loco crazy, pre-CES, sink-or-swim, walk-a-dozen-miles-to-charge-your-cell kind of week. But that doesn't mean we don't have a couple of nice presents for you...including, of course, your very own Engadget Podcast.

Host: Brian Heater, Tim Stevens
Producer: Trent Wolbe
Music: Just a Dream

01:37 - Engadget Distro now available on Android Market and iOS Newsstand!
04:46 - AT&T abandons T-Mobile merger plans (updated)
11:02 - Sony PlayStation Vita review (Japanese edition)
24:38 - Microsoft's CES 2012 keynote won't deliver 'significant news,' more of 'a wrap-up'
32:09 - SOPA hearing delayed until the new year as petition signatures top 25k
35:47 - T-Mobile, Motorola respond to Senator Franken's Carrier IQ questions
37:20 - Two days in the desert with Apple's lost founder, Ron Wayne
41:55 - Fusion Garage's website goes dark -- has it bitten the dust? (update: it's back?)
45:00 - The Engadget Interview: Fusion Garage's Chandra Rathakrishnan... post-fallout
50:02 - Indian villagers walk a dozen miles to charge cellphones
53:14 - Listener questions












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The most commented posts on Engadget over the past 24 hours.Engadget's Holiday Blues-buster 2011: win an iPad 2 16GB WiFi, courtesy of Broadcom!0Samsung: No room for ICS on Galaxy S, Galaxy Tab, TouchWiz to blame0Screenshots of Windows 8 build 8172 emerge, looks a lot like Windows 80Go Daddy pulls support for SOPA amidst backlash, too late to satisfy Wikipedia0Engadget's Holiday Blues-buster 2011: win a Verizon Galaxy Nexus, courtesy of Appitalism!0 This Day on Engadget

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In the year 2010 Volvo turns the C30 hatchback into an EV, loans it out for a short test drive

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In the year 2006 So, what'd you get?

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